Traditionally:

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With Double Key:

(i.e. just by tapping the same key twice, you get the 2nd function.)

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To enable Double Key, go to menu:

Magic Number  >  Preferences… >  Shortcuts

Any function that requires pressing the shift (⇧) key can be accessed via Double Key.

Trigonometry

S=sin	SS=sin⁻¹
C=cos	CC=cos⁻¹
T=tan	TT=tan⁻¹
H=hyperbolic	HH=h⁻¹

Exponents

Y=xY	YY=x1/Y
Z=x2	ZZ=x3
'=x-1	''=x-Y
J=√	JJ=n√
E=ex	EE=2x	EEE=10x
L=log	LL=log₂	LLL=log₁₀

Complex

A=abs	AA=arg
B=re	BB=im

The buttons  F 1  and F 2 can be customized with extra functions (see here).

Their keyboards shortcuts are F1 and F2.
You can also use F for F1 and G for F2.

If you right-click or control click the  F 1  button, you get a menu of functions with
the related ones grouped together:

You can use Double Key to access related functions. For example:

If:	Then:
F1=Integer	F1F1=Round to nearest integer
F1=Modulo	F1F1=Quotient
F1=Percent Change	F1F1=As Percentage Of
F1=Combinations	F1F1=Permutations

It works the other way too, e.g.  if  F1 = Quotient,  F1 F1 = Modulo.
Of course you can do the same with F2.

Note:
The keys F1 or F2 are often used by OS X. We recommend you use F and G.